Answering Questions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Answering Questions - Research Paper Example According to Taylor, there are two ways to maintain the sense of intense solidarity. The first way deals with the â€Å"older modes of solidarity†. Republican secularism in France, according to Taylor’s example, is â€Å"erecting a dam against Muslim immigrants†. This is ineffective and represents the first way. The second way is to redefine identity â€Å"in dialogue with some elements that are external, and some that are internal†. In Taylor’s opinion this means to preserve traditions, start dialog with foreigners, and form the political ethic upon human rights. Thus, different groups of people must unite in the desire to preserve solidarity. It will happen if â€Å"Christians see it as central to their Christianity, if Muslims see it as central to their Islam, and if the various kinds of lay philosophies see it as central to their philosophies†. The ultimate goal is to create a powerful political ethic of solidarity based upon the presence and acceptance of very different views. Northop Frye, in his turn, also speaks of solidarity, but his opinion is a bit different. First of all, the author distinguishes between the national identity and national unity: â€Å"identity is local and regional, rooted in the imagination and in works of culture; unity is national in reference, international in perspective, and rooted in a political feeling†. The author condemns uniformity, when people â€Å"use the same cliches, thinks alike and behave alike†. The result of such uniformity will be a society â€Å"which seems comfortable at first but is totally lacking in human dignity†. What the author considers to be a â€Å"real unity† is tolerating dissent and rejoicing in variety of outlook and tradition, recognizing that it is man’s destiny to unite and not divide. It is possible to see that both authors support the idea of preserving the traditions of different cultures inside one

Financial problem in a country or organization of your choice Essay Example for Free

Financial problem in a country or organization of your choice Essay Discuss the causes of a financial problem in a country or organization of your choice and suggest some solutions. Specify the problem and the City/Country and relate to a particular study. Zimbabwe is an agricultural based economy previously known as the ‘bread-basket’ of Southern Africa. In the past decade, the country experienced a drastic economic disintegration due to wide range of factors including: unconstitutional land redistribution, health, decline in foreign investment and hyperinflation. The Zimbabwean economy is strongly intertwined with politics; therefore the political instability subsequently offset the economy. In 2000, the government embarked on ‘the land reform programme’ which removed white commercial farmers from arable lands so that it could be redistributed among black farmers. The experienced farmers were replaced by mostly black subsistence ones, with no farming knowledge, equipment and capital and therefore could not produce at a commercial scale. There was no agricultural export, meaning there was a loss of foreign currency being injected into the economy on a regular basis. This marked the beginning of economic downfall. Richardson (2004:307). The failure of the agricultural sector which is the backbone of the economy led to the economic crisis. This meant that the government could not generate enough revenue to sustain its infrastructures such as the health sector. Health conditions are directly related to the poor economy. Sick workers were not able to work as much or as productively as healthy ones. Labour markets were less efficient and the market was not able to produce as much. Consequently, the economy produced far less per-worker than a similar healthy economy. This was evident in Zimbabwe by the low participation rate that at just over 35 %, as opposed to 51.08 % in the U.S. or 51.97 % in Japan. Richardson (2004:289). Another contributing factor was that foreign investors also fled, due to insecurities and the government policies dictating that 51% ownership of their businesses should be locally owned. Foreign direct investment fell to zero by 2001, and the  World Bank’s risk premium on investment in Zimbabwe shot up from 4 % to 20 % that year as well. Hill (2003: 109). Furthermore, the Zimbabwean economy was brought down by the illegal sanctions (an order that is given to force a country to obey international laws by limiting or stopping trade with it. Merriam-Webster dictionary 2012:198) imposed by the American and European superpowers. This meant that no trade was to be done with Zimbabwe. There was a sudden death of foreign currency and investment influx to the country. The U.S. and Britain have partially withheld financial support for Zimbabwe and there would be no access to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) because they could not pay their debt and the prevailing hyperinflationary conditions. Hill (2003: 102). The causes of Zimbabwe’s financial problem can be mitigated by first achieving a ‘political breakthrough’ that will depoliticize the economy. Then, land should be re-redistributed among experienced commercial farmers and train the less experienced ones to ensure a more sustainable output. There must also be a liberalisation of foreign investment regulations to attract the foreign investors. In conclusion, these suggested solutions will help to rebuild the economy and restore Zimbabwe as the bread basket of Southern Africa. References: Richardson, C,J. 2004. The Collapse of Zimbabwe in the Wake of the 2000–2003 Land Reforms. New York: Edwin Mellen Hill, G. 2003. The Battle for Zimbabwe. Cape Town: Zebra

Exxonmobil Markets Its Products

Exxonmobil Markets Its Products Every firm follows specific marketing strategy to promote the company products in domestic and international market. ExxonMobil markets its products under the brands of Exxon, Mobil and Esso. Esso is the largest patrol retailer in the UK with around 1630 stations. Esso produces 10% of UK oil and gas. It also takes ownership in other subsidiaries every year to increase its presence in other countries and market. These are few general strategies out of various marketing strategy that each firm follows in order to promote their products successfully in the international market. Seven Ps of marketing is most important strategy to create better opportunity for a product. Segmentation: The seven Ps of marketing strategy is used to estimate and revaluate carry on the business activities of a firm. The seven Ps are- Product, price, promotion, people, place, process and physical evidence. Customers demand changes rapidly, the firm must revise their seven Ps to make sure the firm is on track and accomplishing the competitive advantage in the current competitive market. http://business-fundas.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/marketing-mix-7P.jpg Price: ExxonMobil has a various portfolio of businesses, it has different pricing strategy for different product. Though, the single most important factor of ExxonMobils pricing judgments is dynamics of oil prices on the international market. Fuel prices are determined by changes in the price of crude oil, supply and demand, fuel specifications, government rules, taxes and transportation cost (ExxonMobil, 2008, Factors in the fuel pricing). Products: Exxon Mobil Corporation is parent of Esso, Mobil and ExxonMobil companies, offers a variety of products and services. This firm boasts a full product cycle, from geological exploration and ending with oil related products to commercial and individual consumers. Places: The third P in the marketing mix is place, where the firm offers its products and services. ExxonMobil is a largest oil and gas company based in the US. ExxonMobil is largest company by revenue as per Time Fortune Global 500 list. ExxonMobil has around 37 oil refineries in 21 countries constituting a large combined daily refining capacity. It has 100,000 employees worldwide. Promotions: Promotion is most important strategy in this competitive market. Creating brands awareness among firm customers is the key to the companys success. Another focus for promotion is public relations. ExxonMobil runs programs targeted to worldwide health issues like malaria etc. ExxonMobil focuses in education is on math and science for success in todays high-tech world. ExxonMobil runs programs to create healthy and educated communities in which women have equal opportunity to play a valuable and productive role. They promote respect for human rights and to helping as a positive inspiration in the communities where they serve. They educate and train, purchase and invest in each community. They give contributions to non-profit organisations and social projects through wide range of joint venture and other agreements. They promote economic, environment and social growth worldwide. They promote wide range of charity and social activities. People: ExxonMobil always encourage and give attention towards the talented people who are strives hard for the success of the firm. They focus to retain talented employees by creating good working environments there by getting better outcome from the employees. The safety if their employees and contractors is the core commitment to operations integrity. They continue dedicated in their goal that nobody gets hurts. The safety drill of legacy ExxonMobil assets through year end 2011, did not meet their expectations. Due to this failure, they have increased emphasis on the avoidance of serious incidents. They arranged cross industry training efforts to study and implement new techniques. Process safety is framework for managing the integrity of operating systems by implementing good design principles, engineering and operating practices. Process: ExxonMobil is well positioned to take advantages of market changes and have unique experience in competitive markets. They focus on safe and effective process. They have particular team to manage safe process. Safety management stops the uncontrolled discharge of hydrocarbons and other harmful chemical substances to avoid major incidents with potential for serious injuries and fatalities and other impacts. They had 71 tier 1 process safety events during 2011. Their focus on process safety management across the firm remains constant, as they investigate, analyse and learn from these and implement. http://www.learnmarketing.net/extendedmarketingmix.jpg Physical evidences: Physical evidence is the component of the service mix which permits the consumer again to make judgement on the firm. Physical evidence is an essential ingredient of service mix. Consumers will make opinion based on their sight of the service provision which will have an influence on the firms perceptual plan of service. ExxonMobil delivers products and services using business to business model across three key segments- industrial and wholesale (1 million consumers), aviation (630 airports) and marine (180 ports). ExxonMobil is spending more than $100 million in a testing to develop a technology to make carbon capture and storage less costly. This firm follows a range of projects to increase energy efficiency. Targeting: ExxonMobil is always search for the new markets to improve its business volume. As a part of this ExxonMobil acquired Celtic Ltd in Oct 2012. ExxonMobil acquired 545,000 net acres in the Duvemay shale and additional acreage in the other areas of Alberta. This acquisition will add significant liquid- rich resources to their existing North American unconventional portfolio- said Andrew Barry, president of ExxonMobil Canada. ExxonMobil opened new services at the Hawkins Field in northeast Texas that will improve an additional 40 million barrels of oil equivalent, an amount equal to the annual energy requirements of more than 1 million Texas households. In Russia, ExxonMobil announced a $3.2 billion joint venture with Russian oil company Rosneft to develop two offshore oil fields- the east field in the Kara Sea and the Tuapse field in the black sea. ExxonMobil with Rosneft announced the range of Vostochniy Offshore structures construction yard to conduct a concept estimation and possibility study for a platform capable of safety exploring Kara Seas shallow waters. ExxonMobil has 70% ownership in Imperial oil. Positioning: SWOT analysis: ExxonMobil carry on to increase the portfolio and business mix through expanded revenue and strong research and development capability. Though, firms operation could seriously affected by instability in some oil producing regions. Strength: Capturing the premier quality exploration opportunities using its resources: ExxonMobil identify, evaluate and prioritize the highest quality assets opportunities using its geoscience ability and understanding of the global hydrocarbon potential. Strong research and development competency: ExxonMobil has great research and development capability. Diversified financial stream Weaknesses: Decreasing net liquids manufacturing and oil reserves Litigation and contingencies High obligation Opportunities: Demand of shale gas: Growing global energy demand: Strategic collaboration with Rosneft Threats: Threats about unpredictability in some oil producing regions Environmental regulations Economic conditions Recommendations:

The Forlorn Loves in James Joyces novel, Ulysses Essay -- Joyce Ulyss

The Forlorn Loves in Joyce's novel, Ulysses Greek has words for four kinds of love: agape, or spiritual love; storge, or familial love; the love between friends, or philia; and sexual love, the familiar eros. All four figure in Joyce's novel Ulysses, yet all eventually evade the two male protagonists, Stephen Dedalus and Leopold Bloom: Ulysses proves ultimately to be a love-less work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Agape -- spiritual love, the charitable love among coreligionists or between Man and God -- seems sure to appear, given Ulysses' protagonists' backgrounds and the host of Christian symbols that flock about them. Yet Stephen Dedalus is torn with doubt in his Catholicism, and we find in the course of the novel that Bloom renounced his Judaism, first to convert to Protestantism with his father and then, conveniently, to convert to Catholicism to marry Molly: both have fallen from their original faith. Within two paragraphs of Ulysses' opening we see a mock Mass -- "Introibo ad altare Dei" (p. 3) -- and hear the lurking Stephen scornfully called a "fearful jesuit" by mocking Mulligan. Stephen is certainly no recipient of agape here! Interestingly, Simon Dedalus identifies Mulligan as Stephen's "fidus Achates" (p. 73), a glancing Virgil image to set Stephen up as "pius Aeneas", "pious Aeneas", Virgil's hero of proper behavior to gods and men. B ut, as we see, home-stealing, ever-jeering Mulligan is no more "fidus" than whoring, drunken Stephen is "pius".   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stephen Dedalus is a prolix speaker, an engaging theorist and theologian, well versed in ecclesiastical history, particularly in the Church's early heresies. Yet, for all his knowledge and cogent arguments, he shows little inclination for belief. His arguments on ... ...9), yet that is exactly what Bloom does -- kiss her buttocks, the most anonymous and androgynous part of her body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In fact, Molly's final thoughts in Ulysses only underscore the lack of eros that has afflicted Bloom throughout the book. She begins to menstruate ("this bloody pest of a thing" (p. 642)) even as she considers trying to re-establish sexual relations, and moves in her thoughts to their tryst on Howth Hill -- the same rendezvous Bloom has recalled so fondly before. Yet, like all too many of the happy occasions in Ulysses, this one is in the past, dead and gone. Indeed, the book ends in Molly's "yes I said yes I will Yes." (p. 644), but the "Yes" is in the past, only another sad comment on Bloom's lack of love. Love is a thing of the past, dreams are sick counterfeits and cheats: agape, storge, philia, eros, the four loves, are forlorn.

Evaluate the Strategic Leadership of Michael O’leary

Is Michael O’Leary an asset or a liability to Ryanair? The case suggests that he is both. Students could debate the pros and cons of Michael O’Leary’s continued leadership of the company. The characteristics that have driven the company forward – his enthusiasm and energy, his strategic insight, his determination and mission orientation – can be carried too far. Is it all part of an integrated inseparable whole, so do you have to take the good with the bad? Is this where we may enter the realm of Sidney Finkelstein’s failure warning signs, when you have too much of a good thing? In fact, some schools of thought would value Michael O’Leary’s relentless energy and his thriving on adversity. It shows a lack of complacency – quite the opposite of what Finkelstein points out as a danger signal. The capacity to irritate may bring about conflict and change. Also, in Michael O’Leary’s favour, as Ryanair’s largest single shareholder, he literally ‘puts his money where his mouth is’. Another way of looking at Michael O’Leary’s leadership is whether he was the right person for the job during the change era, but does the company now require more of a ‘manager’ than a ‘leader’ during a consolidation era? In other words, this is a ‘horses for courses’ approach to the evaluation of O’Leary’s leadership. One may ask whether and/or for how much longer Michael O’Leary wants to stay in the job. Will he get bored and retire to his cattle farm, currently his hobby? There is a suggestion that he would not be happy to preside over a static comfortable situation. Or, would he be headhunted by another airline or by another business altogether? Students might consider whether they would headhunt Michael O’Leary, and why or why not. Chapter 10 discusses types of leaders, i. e. transformational versus transactional and types of leadership emphases and approaches. It is an interesting exercise to see how students would categorise Michael O’Leary. Perhaps what emerges is that he is difficult to categorise. What does this imply?

Americas Fallen PastimeHow Baseball Players Have Damaged a National Institution essays

Americas Fallen PastimeHow Baseball Players Have Damaged a National Institution essays How Baseball Players Have Damaged a National Institution Baseball fans are easy to please. Give them a warm summer day, a cold drink, and their favorite team in the thick of the pennant race and they feel like kings. Watch them second guess the manager as he pulls the teams ace pitcher in favor of the young fireballer. Listen to them cheer as he strikes out the opponents slugger with the bases loaded, securing the win. Watch them do it all over again the very next day. Who is the best player of all time? Ty Cobb? Babe Ruth? Ted Williams? Mickey Mantle? Ken Griffey Jr.? Should the designated hitter be abolished? Should Pete Rose be in the Hall of Fame? Ask them for their favorite baseball moment of the past and prepare to have your ear talked off. Older fans might choose Bobby Thompsons Shot Heard Round the World, which captured the 1951 National League pennant for the New York Giants over the Brooklyn Dodgers, or Willie Mays over-the-shoulder, back-to-the-plate catch to rob Clevelands Vic Wertz of an extra-base hit in the 1954 World Series. Somewhat younger fans might take Carlton Fisks frantic waving as his game-winning homer in Game 6 of the 1975 World Series clanged off of Fenway Parks left field foul pole or the dominance of Johnny Bench, Joe Morgan, Tony Perez and the rest of the Big Red Machine during the mid-1970s. The youngest might call up Baltimore shortstop Cal Ripken Jrs victory lap around Camden Yards after eclipsing Lou Gehrigs seemingly unbreakable consecutive games streak or the excitement of St. Louis Mark McGwire and the Chicago Cubs Sammy Sosa as they relentlessly pursued Roger Maris single season home run record. Take baseball at its simplest, its purist, and it can be almost religious. Baseball fans only ask for one thing in return. As Braves fan William Correa pleads, I know baseball ha...

The future of an illusion essays

The future of an illusion essays Written in 1927, Freud notes that The Future of an Illusion is a book written in regard to the present and future state of religion, with a particular focus on the progression of religion rather than one specific event. Also, the book centers less on religious practices and rituals, and more on a firm belief in God. The book appears to be based around one assumed fact: that human life exists in a natural world, which does not always treat us so friendly. Though it is our natural world that has created and nurtured us, it will constantly attempt to destroy our specie through diseases, natural disasters and other forms of defeat. The situation or relationship of humanity to nature is one of the children to the parents. In response to natures threats, we have created groups and communities in an attempt to gather and create a civilization of people, though it should be noted that this does not come without a price. Freud asserts that when one enters a community, they must sacrifice many of their personal desires and exercise a great deal of restraint. For example, one can not kill simply out of rage, and one can not have intercourse with a married other, these natural instincts must be restrained. Yet, despite all of this sacrifice and restraint exercised, we are forever helpless in the face of nature. In the perpetual battle between humans and nature, sickness and death will always win in the end. Moving on, Freud notes that this unhappy reality does not sit well with many people. In fact, it destroys what many hold closest to their heart: a sense of ultimate protection by a father figure, which was often felt during childhood. Even as mature adults, many people long for that sense of security, despite knowledge that it does not exist. Freud notes that this is where the voice of religion enters, providing a childhood sense of security that can not be found elsewhere. Religious beliefs projec ...

Challenges of Being an Exchange Student essays

Challenges of Being an Exchange Student essays I was born and raised in Hong Kong. Living in a city that is always hustling, my life was very structured. I was always doing my homework or preparing for my exams. My schedule hadnt changed much since the day I went to school. I never had too much time to think about who I am and who I wanted to be. As I am getting older, I often ask myself, why I couldnt live a more interesting life and get rid of my structured one. One morning, I was walking to school from the subway station and I saw a huge billboard with a group of teenagers of different ethnicities. All of them had a cheerful and sincere smile on their faces. Connecting Lives. Sharing Cultures, the slogan of an intercultural exchange organization on the billboard had caught my attention. I had always been dreaming about living in another country and to experience a brand new culture. After a few days of researching and negotiating with my parents, I decided to be an exchange student. Welcome to the Music City, Nashville! the flight attendant announced. After an exhausting fifteen hours flight, I had arrived to the place where my life-changing intercultural journey started, Nashville, Tennessee. As I was walking towards the arrival lobby, my eyes were opened wide trying to find my host family, a family that I had never met in my life. After a few minutes of searching, I found my host mom holding a paper board with my name on. I was so excited and also nervous as I didnt know what to expect. I walked up to her and quickly introduced myself as she introduced herself and her family members who were standing next to her. We then went home and got settled down. Everything seemed to be working out perfectly, but as days went by, I started to experience all kinds of cultural shock. Hey mom, if... I want to go out and get groceries, wheres the closet bus station? I asked my host mom with my broken English. Um...t...

Political and historic perspective of Poland Essay

Political and historic perspective of Poland - Essay Example ng states would influence the course of Poland’s history from peace time to wars with specific periods in each of these countries’ histories, interconnected. For instance, according to Geoffrey Elton et al. (1990), the balance of power between landowners and the monarchy was so even throughout the century as to give to their relations, whether of conflict or co-operation, a significance that illuminates the more decisive conflicts which were at the same time being waged in the extremer parts of Europe. (526) More specifically, we have Poland’s war against Russia which reduced the country into near anarchy and eventually divided it among Russia, Prussia and Austria. Afterwards, the Second World War would leave the country in ruins, earning for Poland the distinction of the country with the most percentage of deaths among its citizens. After the war, Poland became a communist country with a Soviet imposed government patterned after the rest of the Eastern bloc. In the communism’s fall in the 1990s, a democratic government was set in place and thus, began the history of Democratic Poland. Ethnic groups that have settled in Central Europe, such as Slavic, Celtic, Baltic and Germanic is said to have given rise to Poland. A system that had some semblance to a government with a definite territory was first seen in 966 A.D. And since then, Poland had always had a unitary form of government except in the 12th century wherein the country descended into a period of feudal disintegration fragmenting the country into several states. Poland flourished during era of foreign migration, particularly during the influx of the Jews. The parliamentary system of government has been in place in Poland since the fifteenth to sixteenth century when the nobility wielded political power based on the local or country assemblies, which exercised parliamentary functions. (Elton et al. 528) I would like to underscore that around the period of sixteenth century there was a large number

Why was there a Second World War so Soon After the First Essay

Why was there a Second World War so Soon After the First - Essay Example From this study it is clear that from a realist perspective, it is in the normal aspectual realm to assume that because France was so depleted economically and politically, the feeling was one of a sense of hopelessness throughout that country.   Therein lies the reasoning by France to demand some form of compensation from Germany in order to regroup and rebuild her lands.   The compromises that France wished Germany to make were beyond rationalization, from the Germans perspective of the political issues.   The supposed peace ‘The Treaty of Versailles’ was implied to have brought did nothing more than incite rage and fuel the flames of retaliation from the Germans.  This paper outlines that there never really was a period of substantial rest between these historic wars.   What did appear to be present, in the literary sense, was a prevalence of disdain and lack of trust from the Germans, in relation to France and her harsh implications. This lack of stability affected the whole European continent.   These are some of the literary points that will be researched and theorized in this paper.   It will look into the vast reasons why there was a part II of the first World War and what was the main factors leading to it.   Three perspectives will be attempted to be intertwined into this literary work which are the: realistic, liberal, and Marxist theorizations that will give the causes as to how, why and what lead to the provocation of the Second World War.... d into this literary work which are the: realistic, liberal, and Marxist theorizations that will give the causes as to how, why and what lead to the provocation of the Second World War. If the First World War was "the war to end all wars" why was there a Second World War so soon after the First It was in 1946 that two main political speaker's theorizations on the cause of WWII were openly acknowledged. Stalin and Churchill both had ideas into the causation of the Second World War, both holding similarities and differences at the same time. Perhaps this was due to one perspective being a UK one and the other representative of an American view point. Stalin's is cited as follows: It would be incorrect to think that the war arose accidentally or as a result of the faultof some of the statesmen. Although, these faults did exist, the war arose in reality asthe inevitable result of the development of the world economic and political forces onthe basis of monopoly capitalism (Snell 1962: p. vii). It would seem that this idea by Stalin is more of a realist type of perception and is duly focused on the very real circumstances that had a major impact in starting the second phase of WWI. Now, Churchills' existentialist type of view leans the blame of WWII almost entirely on the actions of the Germans and their Nazi beliefs at that specific era of time. His statement into the deciding factor of the cause is cited below: There never was a war in all history easier to prevent by timely action than the one which has just desolated such great areas of the globe. It could have been prevented without the firing of a single shot but no one would listen and one by one we were all sucked into the awful whirlpool. We surely must

Why are Chinese factories turning to Bangladesh Essay

Why are Chinese factories turning to Bangladesh - Essay Example This scenario has been a major instigator for business organisations in China to look forward to better and more convenient option especially for manufacturing purposes in a foreign destination. China, in recent years, has been regarded as one of the fastest developing economies in the world. One of the key reasons behind the continued and sustained growth of the Chinese economy has been industrial growth (World Bank Office, Beijing, â€Å"China Quarterly Update†). However, in recent years the Chinese economy has witnessed a noticeable slowdown. The volatile world economic environment as well as rigid domestic polices have the combined factors that have contributed towards this scenario (World Bank Office, Beijing, â€Å"China Quarterly Update†). Thus, in order to mitigate this problem the Chinese factories or manufacturers have started to look beyond their own shores to import products. Consequently, Bangladesh has become a favourable option for them because it provide s efficient workers and comparatively lower wage rates. This strategy by Chinese manufacturers has been mainly prompted by the prevailing condition in their own market to manufacture products (Cawinfo, â€Å"Chinese Factories Turn to Bangladesh as Labour Costs Rise’). Thesis Statement The report intends to discuss the key reasons behind the Chinese factories turning to Bangladesh as a destination for especially importing products. The major driving forces of globalisation have also been considered in the report to comprehend the scenario. Globalisation as a Driving Force for Chinese Factories to Turning to Bangladesh The drivers of globalisation have been an imperative factor behind the Chinese manufacturers desiring to outsource their business in a foreign destination such as Bangladesh which majorly includes, open markets, International Trade Relation Policies, progress in transport and information technology, privatisation and liberalisation (A Global Ethic Now, â€Å"Dr iving Forces Behind Globalisation†). These key drivers that have encouraged the Chinese factories to turn to Bangladesh as a possible location for outsourcing are opening up of different national markets to all sorts of companies and removal of trade restrictions. However, in recent times, the one of the biggest problems which has been faced by Chinese manufacturers is the labour crisis. In China, a continued war in relation to labour rights has been a critical issue which has affected the industrial sector in recent times. The war has been engaged with a huge number of people who come under certain different categories of business world. The workers, trade unions, corporate, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and political parties in China are deeply engaged in this serious issue. It has resulted in an impact on worker privileges, wages, working environment in China. This battle is badly affecting the Chinese economic conditions. It has become a tough task for manufacturin g organisations to abstain from the intermediary cooperation among worker organisations and their allies to procreate a sustainable relation in between the justice related to economy and social activities. It is quite apparent that a host of challenges for worker and social movements are being created in the economy of China. The manufacturing industry which relies significantly upon the workers is facing major strife to deal with

Jesse James Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jesse James - Essay Example Rev. Robert, his father, was a Baptist minister who helped to find William Jewell College in Liberty, Mo. He was the most famous group member of the James Younger Gang. However, after his death, Jesse became a legendary figure of the Wild West. Unfortunately, he got killed from his own gang member, namely Robert Ford. Every century conveys its villains and heroes. Sometimes, a character sways forward with a mixture of two that can be due to the worlds that doesn't know whether to hate or love that person or he or she becomes a landmark in the complex study of mankind. Such milestone is Jesse James. He was born in Kearney, Missouri on September 5, 1847. Jesse James was a member of the famous group namely, James Younger Gang. Most of the people say that it was the brutal treatment from the Union Soldiers that changed the life of Jesse James and led him towards the crime during the Civil War. The war devastated the Missouri and shaped the life of Jesse. Undoubtedly, during the war, he learned how to kill while riding with his gang member William Quantrill and Bloody Bill Anderson. After the war, Jesse was injured whilst yielding. Within a year, Frank, another group member, and Jesse are suppose to have succeeded the first daylight bank theft in peace point in time. They ran away with $60,000 from the Liberty, Mo. bank not far from their dwelling. For the subsequently 15 years, the James boys wandered all through the U.S. robbing trains and banks of their gold, constructing a fable that was to exist more than a century after Jesse's passing away. However, during this time, Jesse got married to his own cousin namely, Zerelda after her mother and was called Zee in short. They both together had two children, J esse Edwards and Mary. A Pinkerton Detective Agency was called in to assist the catch of the famous thieves. On Christmas Eve, Jesse and Zee stimulated their family into a little house, which was located on top of the high hill. Living under the unspecified name of Tom Howard, Jesse rented the house from a city councilman.With his gang exhausted by arrests, deaths, and defections, Jesse realized that he had only two men left whom he could trust and they were his own brothers Bob and Charley Ford. To better defend his own self, Jesse asked the Ford brothers to move in with him and his family. However, Jesse did not know that Bob Ford had been carrying out secret discussions with Thomas T. Crittenden, the Missouri governor, to bring in Jesse James. Crittenden had made the capture of the James brothers his top precedence; in his opening address he affirmed that no political causes could be permitted to keep them from justice. Banned by law from presenting an adequately large reward, he had turned to the railroad and conveyed the corporations to put up a $10,000 reward for each of them. On April 3, 1882, after having his breakfast, the Fords and James arranged for departure for one more robbery, going in and out of the house to set up the horses. It was an oddly hot day; James removed his coat, and then affirmed that he should eliminate his firearms as well, in case he looks suspicious. James observed a dirty picture on the wall and stood on a chair to clean it. Robert Ford took benefit of the chance, and shot James in the back of the head. (City of St. Joseph, 2007). His murder became a nationwide commotion. The Fords made no effort to conceal their task. Certainly, Robert Ford wired the governor to assert his prize. As crowds pushed into the small house in St. Joseph to see the dead thief, the Ford brothers admitted defeat and surrendered to the authorities, but they were disappointed to find they were accused with first degree

Case Study 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Study 6 - Essay Example The most probable symptoms exhibited by the community people living with AIDS include swollen glands growing in the throat and groin. Further, the individuals may also witness muscle aches and fatigue. Normally, the fatigue and tiredness period are usually unexplained in this people. It is worth noting, that everyone in the New York community is susceptible to contracting the virus. In which case, anyone who involves in unprotected sex and sharing of infected equipments is at risk of contracting the disease especially if any of those involved another party who is HIV positive. Considering AIDS is transmitted through body fluids, sharing of the sharp equipment and having coitus with the infected person is a most certain way the virus can spread. The virus normally presents itself in blood, semen and breast milk of infected people (Timberg & Halperin, 2013). These are the most common ways that AIDS presents itself in New York city, where there are people from all walks of life. Once the virus is introduced to the bloodstream, it affects the immune response thereby reinforcing its symptoms on the body of the infected. Apart from New York city, other communities that have witnessed the same include Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston and Philadelphia. This is because of t he higher population growth in this areas. Even though AIDS has manifested itself as pervasive in the above communities, the involved subjects have been able to manipulate strategies for preventing the disease. Naturally, the pervasiveness of the disease arises because the communities have failed in their attempts to get a cure or vaccine. However, the efforts put have given rise to such strategies such as the need to avoid the high-risk behaviors, including unprotected sex and sharing of sharp instruments. Further, the subject healthcare providers in this

Dooms Day Scenarios (the validity of these predictions will ever Essay

Dooms Day Scenarios (the validity of these predictions will ever happen) - Essay Example It certainly looks like we are in for another lost in translation event come December 21, 2012. The year when the Mayan calendar comes to an end of its cycle. Note, it is the end of the calendar year cycle for the Mayans. It is not the end of the world prediction of the Mayans like most naysayers wish us to believe. We have to remember that this same media hype existed a mere 3 years ago. Way back in 2009, Hollywood was making big money at the box office using the various end of days scenario to sell their product. From an asteroid hitting the earth, all the way to the melting of the polar icecaps, these film events somehow managed to take on a life of their own and become the doomsday prediction for the year. the people lapped it up because if Hollywood was telling the story, then there must a semblance of truth to it right? Obviously, it is not necessary to answer that rhetorical question. Instead, the focus of all attention should be on the latest doomsday scenario slated to happe n on December 21, 2012. For this is the year that some wanna be scholars and doomsday predictors insist the world will end because the Mayans provided definite proof of it through their calendar which ends its cycle this year. However, these people have failed to mention that the Mayans actually created at least 3 other different calendars, each with a specific task. This race of people developed a calendar for every need so to speak ranging from earthly, lunar, solar, and galactic in use (â€Å"The Mayan Calendar: What is it and What Does it Really Tell Us?†). Now why would a race of people require more than one calendar? After all, modern man goes by and does really well with only one calendar that ends every year to begin a new cycle anew. The Mayans were highly advanced scientific and mathematical thinkers during their time. As such, they wanted to make sure that all of their predictions when it came to crop harvesting, the lives of their tribal leaders, etc. all had a fa ctual basis to lean on. That is exactly what these Mayan calendars were meant to be used as, calibrators in order to help them synchronize their calendars, not for use as predictors. The doomsayers say that the evidence to point towards the accuracy of the prediction already exists. What with the tsunami that hit Japan and its accompanying earthquake and nuclear disaster, there can be no clearer signs than that. Let's not also forget the fact that the ice caps are constantly melting and the earth is continuously evolving on its axis, a move that causes various shifts and changes to the way the earth functions on its own. While most of see these events as part of the evolution of a living planet, there are those who would rather prepare themselves for the end of the world as they know it. As some wise journalists explain (Radford, Benjamin â€Å"The Truth About the 2012 Doomsday Hype†): Whether or not 2012 will bring cataclysmic volcanism or a great flood, it has undeniably br ought a flood of books. New Age and doomsday authors have been cranking out 2012-themed books at an amazing pace over the past few years; there are literally thousands of such titles in print, with more on the way. Doomsday predictions are a huge money making scheme for usncrupolous characters in modern times. By hyping up the misreading of the

Jesse James Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jesse James - Essay Example Rev. Robert, his father, was a Baptist minister who helped to find William Jewell College in Liberty, Mo. He was the most famous group member of the James Younger Gang. However, after his death, Jesse became a legendary figure of the Wild West. Unfortunately, he got killed from his own gang member, namely Robert Ford. Every century conveys its villains and heroes. Sometimes, a character sways forward with a mixture of two that can be due to the worlds that doesn't know whether to hate or love that person or he or she becomes a landmark in the complex study of mankind. Such milestone is Jesse James. He was born in Kearney, Missouri on September 5, 1847. Jesse James was a member of the famous group namely, James Younger Gang. Most of the people say that it was the brutal treatment from the Union Soldiers that changed the life of Jesse James and led him towards the crime during the Civil War. The war devastated the Missouri and shaped the life of Jesse. Undoubtedly, during the war, he learned how to kill while riding with his gang member William Quantrill and Bloody Bill Anderson. After the war, Jesse was injured whilst yielding. Within a year, Frank, another group member, and Jesse are suppose to have succeeded the first daylight bank theft in peace point in time. They ran away with $60,000 from the Liberty, Mo. bank not far from their dwelling. For the subsequently 15 years, the James boys wandered all through the U.S. robbing trains and banks of their gold, constructing a fable that was to exist more than a century after Jesse's passing away. However, during this time, Jesse got married to his own cousin namely, Zerelda after her mother and was called Zee in short. They both together had two children, J esse Edwards and Mary. A Pinkerton Detective Agency was called in to assist the catch of the famous thieves. On Christmas Eve, Jesse and Zee stimulated their family into a little house, which was located on top of the high hill. Living under the unspecified name of Tom Howard, Jesse rented the house from a city councilman.With his gang exhausted by arrests, deaths, and defections, Jesse realized that he had only two men left whom he could trust and they were his own brothers Bob and Charley Ford. To better defend his own self, Jesse asked the Ford brothers to move in with him and his family. However, Jesse did not know that Bob Ford had been carrying out secret discussions with Thomas T. Crittenden, the Missouri governor, to bring in Jesse James. Crittenden had made the capture of the James brothers his top precedence; in his opening address he affirmed that no political causes could be permitted to keep them from justice. Banned by law from presenting an adequately large reward, he had turned to the railroad and conveyed the corporations to put up a $10,000 reward for each of them. On April 3, 1882, after having his breakfast, the Fords and James arranged for departure for one more robbery, going in and out of the house to set up the horses. It was an oddly hot day; James removed his coat, and then affirmed that he should eliminate his firearms as well, in case he looks suspicious. James observed a dirty picture on the wall and stood on a chair to clean it. Robert Ford took benefit of the chance, and shot James in the back of the head. (City of St. Joseph, 2007). His murder became a nationwide commotion. The Fords made no effort to conceal their task. Certainly, Robert Ford wired the governor to assert his prize. As crowds pushed into the small house in St. Joseph to see the dead thief, the Ford brothers admitted defeat and surrendered to the authorities, but they were disappointed to find they were accused with first degree

Dooms Day Scenarios (the validity of these predictions will ever Essay

Dooms Day Scenarios (the validity of these predictions will ever happen) - Essay Example It certainly looks like we are in for another lost in translation event come December 21, 2012. The year when the Mayan calendar comes to an end of its cycle. Note, it is the end of the calendar year cycle for the Mayans. It is not the end of the world prediction of the Mayans like most naysayers wish us to believe. We have to remember that this same media hype existed a mere 3 years ago. Way back in 2009, Hollywood was making big money at the box office using the various end of days scenario to sell their product. From an asteroid hitting the earth, all the way to the melting of the polar icecaps, these film events somehow managed to take on a life of their own and become the doomsday prediction for the year. the people lapped it up because if Hollywood was telling the story, then there must a semblance of truth to it right? Obviously, it is not necessary to answer that rhetorical question. Instead, the focus of all attention should be on the latest doomsday scenario slated to happe n on December 21, 2012. For this is the year that some wanna be scholars and doomsday predictors insist the world will end because the Mayans provided definite proof of it through their calendar which ends its cycle this year. However, these people have failed to mention that the Mayans actually created at least 3 other different calendars, each with a specific task. This race of people developed a calendar for every need so to speak ranging from earthly, lunar, solar, and galactic in use (â€Å"The Mayan Calendar: What is it and What Does it Really Tell Us?†). Now why would a race of people require more than one calendar? After all, modern man goes by and does really well with only one calendar that ends every year to begin a new cycle anew. The Mayans were highly advanced scientific and mathematical thinkers during their time. As such, they wanted to make sure that all of their predictions when it came to crop harvesting, the lives of their tribal leaders, etc. all had a fa ctual basis to lean on. That is exactly what these Mayan calendars were meant to be used as, calibrators in order to help them synchronize their calendars, not for use as predictors. The doomsayers say that the evidence to point towards the accuracy of the prediction already exists. What with the tsunami that hit Japan and its accompanying earthquake and nuclear disaster, there can be no clearer signs than that. Let's not also forget the fact that the ice caps are constantly melting and the earth is continuously evolving on its axis, a move that causes various shifts and changes to the way the earth functions on its own. While most of see these events as part of the evolution of a living planet, there are those who would rather prepare themselves for the end of the world as they know it. As some wise journalists explain (Radford, Benjamin â€Å"The Truth About the 2012 Doomsday Hype†): Whether or not 2012 will bring cataclysmic volcanism or a great flood, it has undeniably br ought a flood of books. New Age and doomsday authors have been cranking out 2012-themed books at an amazing pace over the past few years; there are literally thousands of such titles in print, with more on the way. Doomsday predictions are a huge money making scheme for usncrupolous characters in modern times. By hyping up the misreading of the

How My Stories Were Written Essay Example for Free

How My Stories Were Written Essay Have u ever read a story where you were related to or change your life? In the short story by Bulosan, he uses a few literary elements such as setting, and irony to show how someone’s life can be change by a storyteller. In the following, I will explain what is the role of the Apo Lacay in this short story and how he has helped the author to overcome in the new world. In the beginning of the story â€Å" It is true there are mountains which are green all the year round bordering the northside of the province of Pangasinan, my own native province, in the island of Luzon†, Bulosan uses setting to let us know where the story takes place; he also give us details on how it looks like. This place is so important to him because he was born and raised here; his childhood was not as greater as his adult life but he gain so many anecdotes about it. The people that lived in the village were attached to the past centuries and a lot of things have been said from one generation to another. There was a man who had lived more than anyone else in the village; he is a storyteller that comes from a mysterious dwelling in the mountains and start telling his tales to the children and adults. Repentantly, he became friend with Apo Lacay (the storyteller), and learned from his tales even if they were not true. The boy (the author) thought that there were wisdom from his tales and he wanted to remember what kind of people lived in the village when he moves to the land far away. We sometimes do not pay attention to what or whom we listen to, we do not realize that we can learn a lot from books or simple short stories and gain the greatest wisdom ever; no matter where we go, in this case the author went to America, nothing cannot take the knowledge from you. The boy has also learned that there is more fear among the man than in the night forest full of beast, birds, the trees, storm and tempests. â€Å"In the savage heart of man there dwells the greatest fear among the living†.

Eal Observed In A Primary School

Eal Observed In A Primary School Learning a second language is one adaptation skill that proves to be necessary when diverse cultures come together.   For example, children from diverse linguistic backgrounds study English as a bridge to better education. The Rationale for Planning for Children Learning English as an additional language (2008) advocates that in planning for children who are learning English as an Additional Language (EAL), the following key principles must be observed: that bilingualism is an asset instead of a liability for children who know more than one other language other than their mother tongue or primary language.   This first language is essential not only in learning another language but also for ones identity formation. The EAL provider should keep the learner challenged cognitively with the continuous provision of linguistic and contextual support.   Lastly, the acquisition of another language should go hand in hand with the students cognitive and academic development within the same school environment and the student would not need outside support. It is already integrated in the inclusive curriculum given to the learner. Cummins (1984) came up with a matrix to explain the dynamics of second language learning development. One axis represents the BICS or the Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills while the other axis represents the CALP or the Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency.   Baker (2006) explains that students engage in BICS when they communicate with contextual supports and props such as face-to face â€Å"context embedded† situations where they read the other persons non-verbal gestures, hand movements and sounds to support verbal communication. On the other hand, CALP happens in â€Å"context reduced† situations requiring higher order thinking skills such as analysis, synthesis or evaluation. This is usually encountered in more academic learning and communication where language is â€Å"disembedded† (Baker, 2006). This paper will report observations in a primary school that embraces multiculturalism and multilingualism and analyzed according to theories and to its compliance to standards and policies for implementing English as an Additional Language (EAL). Observations were done for key stage 2. The physical environment of the school and classroom Upon entering the school, a large map welcomes people with the sign that read: â€Å"Welcome to our school.   We come from all over the world and we speak 27 languages†.   For each language, it was connected to the country of origin as indicated in the map.   This sign gave a very warm welcome to anyone who visited the school no matter what culture he or she comes from. An IT room is available for any EAL learner to use whenever one needs to consult a computer for spelling or grammar or anything that pertains to the English language.   This additional resource to support their learning is another indication that the school anticipates learners needs and provides them when called for. The classroom observed had a big inflatable globe which represents a wide range of diversity is accepted there.   The children can freely explore the globe and search for their own countries and link it to their native language. A trained EAL teacher was employed by the school to help facilitate the cognitive, language and literacy development of foreign children.   Adults play a huge role in the language development of children, as they need someone who uses simple language in correct form and is flexible enough adjust his language to suit the childs (Clay, 1988).   Having a good second language teacher is essential to learning the language more fluently.   The researcher does not discount the fact that imitation of proper pronunciation and intonation is necessary. Hence, learners should have attentive ears and retentive minds, and of course, cooperative tongues to be able to speak fluently in such language.   Children also need opportunities to practice speaking and listening to the second language outside the language lessons, so that means they need a support system of learners to interact with. The school acknowledged and respected the childrens different cultures. As an example, the school held a Polish mass celebrated by a Polish priest on Tuesdays. Cummins (1986) contend that children are empowered when their cultural roots are celebrated.   Usually, when schools and teachers do not seriously consider foreign students their native culture, these children feel unaccepted and unworthy to belong to their classes, hence display inappropriate behavior.   They become lost in terms of academic achievement and develop insecurities about their skin color, ethnic characteristics or language accents.   Such embarrassment develops stress or anxiety during class. The students family may likewise seem withdrawn or non-participative in their childrens schooling and feel the same sense of not belonging to the new culture they have joined.   In view of this, culturally-relevant teaching must be learned by teachers.   Such teaching takes into consideration the cultural background of the students at all times.   It also keeps in mind cultural aspects in all interactions with students on both personal and educational levels. (Edwards Kuhlman, 2007).   Students cultures, languages and experiences need to be acknowledged, valued andused as important sources of their education because they deserve the best that society can give them.   This involves teachers learning about students backgrounds and personal experiences to use as tools to make connections with these students.   Some strategies that teachers can employ are the inclusion of the various histories, contributions, perspectives and concerns relevant to the diverse backgrounds of students (The IRIS Center for Training Enhancements, n.d.).   Incorporating these in the curriculum makes learning meaningful to these students.   Multicultural education using literature from various cultures engages such children in reading and writing and makes them eager to learn the social or cultural contributions made by various groups of people. Observations of the children It was learned that the children in the school were not allowed to speak their native language within the classroom but they are free to speak it outside with their peers.   This is part of their learning the English language in the classroom. This may be considered by the school as an effective way to immerse the children in the English language, however, the Rationale for planning for children learning English as an additional language (2008) recommends that children have free access to their primary language (L1) in order to fully understand their second or additional language (L2), so the classroom teacher should be more lenient in allowing children to use their L1 in class as a tool to learn their L2. There was quite a number of foreign students enrolled in the school.   The researcher approached some and asked them some questions regarding EAL.   Two Portuguese children were observed to be peer-teaching.   One was already fluent in the English language while the other was still struggling so the more adept one was helping him translate some words. Vygotsky (1962, as mentioned in Clay, 1998) emphasizes the value of childrens talk and their growing ability to articulate their understanding of their world orally and in writing.   Taking part in negotiating meanings is part of the educational process, and Vygotsky believes that just being with others helps children learn. In observing the two Portuguese children, some theories may explain why the more English language-adept child uses their native Portuguese to teach the less knowledgeable child. Swain Lapkin (2000) conclude in their study that the first language is by default, a tool used by students to learn their second language.   Collaborating with other students in tasks for learning a second language, students try to make sense of the requirements and content of the task, focusing their attention on language form vocabulary use and overall organization, then turn to their native language to process and discuss before finally getting back to completing the task.   Swain and Lapkin point out that without the use of their native language, they might not be able to accomplish the task effectively or it might not be accomplished at all.   They argue that the insistence of not being allowed to access their first language in a linguistically and cognitively complex task of decoding a second lan guage task would deprive them of an important cognitive tool.   They stress that bilingual programs that allow for the development and maintenance of the first language while learning the second language are successful in both goals. The researcher interviewed two students who both spoke Spanish.   When asked if they speak to each other in their native language, they admitted they only speak it at home with their parents.   They did not speak it in school and said they were more comfortable speaking in English because most of the time they were in school and with friends who all spoke the English language.   In this case, Lamberts (1977) subtractive bilingualism seems to be taking place as the childrens first language is being extinguished by the second language which is English.   Otto (2010) elaborates on Lamberts   theories on bilingualism. One issue in second language acquisition is its effect on the first language of the individual.   The immense concentration necessary to learn a second language may create a negative impact on the first language. This is known as Subtractive bilingualism.   When a child becomes fluent in a second language due to immersion in that language, there is a strong te ndency to forget the first language, causing disruptions in communication with family members who only know the first language.   Transmission of cultural beliefs and parenting interactions would need a shared language for it to be successful. If not, social relationships with families or other members of the community who are monolingual may break down. On the other hand, in learning a second language, a child need not forget the first language, but can be fluent in both.   This is called Additive Bilingualism which means that although a child actively learns a second language, concurrently, there is continued development in the home language (Lambert, 1977; Otto, 2010).   The goal is to enhance language skills in both languages.   In view of this, the case of the two Spanish boys interviewed by the researcher may also display additive bilingualism because they continue to speak L1 at home even if they are gaining competence in L2 in school and with peers. Two boys from Ethiopia do not speak the same language even if they come from the same country. In the different parts they come from, different languages were also used.   One of the boys speaks three languages French, English and Portuguese because his mother came from Portugal and his father from Ethiopia.   The other boy speaks Amharic which is similar to Arabic, but he is from Ethiopia.   Leon (1996) has outlined the need for migrant workers and their families to be supported in gaining English-speaking competencies to enable them to live more satisfying lives in English-speaking environments. He said lack of bilingual support for students impedes their motivation to learn, as they could not cope with other English-speaking peers, so they feel unwanted, and just skip school.   Gaining English language competency for these children will also raise their self-esteem so they get to be more confident to develop more personal and academic skills. Although the observations were limited to what has been reported, it already gave the researcher a good picture of how the school upholds the EAL program.   The foreign children seem to be comfortable in the school setting as they have settled in well in a welcoming environment.   The government consultation document ‘Aiming High: Raising the Achievement of Minority Ethnic Pupils (DfES 2003) states that â€Å"the particular needs of bilingual pupils are best met through a coordinated whole school approach led by headteachers and senior managers.† (DfES, 2005, p. 14).   The ethos of the primary school observed reflected a clear respect for the multicultural perspective. Otto (2010) contends that one of the main challenges posed by the English as a Second Language (ESL) approach is the development, selection and implementation of effective strategies and instructional techniques to suit the diverse learners since they come from various backgrounds.   The Rationale for planning for children learning English as an additional language (2008) takes upon Vygotskys (1978) concept of â€Å"scaffolding†.   As the term implies, scaffolds are temporary supports in the process of learning which are gradually taken away when the student is already capable of learning without them.   In EAL, scaffolding comes in three forms, One is scaffolding by adults by making their expectations clear by sharing learning objectives and criteria for success with the students by way of modeling and demonstrating the English language, ‘recasting of the childrens language from their L1 and providing them with opportunities to use their whole language repertoire to aid them in understanding their L2.   Another form of scaffolding is through collaborative work.   They engage in small group talks or work in pairs, usually with children who are more adept in the language are paired with children who are less adept, such as the two Portuguese boys observed peer-teaching in the school. The teacher may also use scaffolding thro ugh visual support, via pictures, props, models, frames and language prompts, graphic organizers, diagrams, maps, plans and essentially all the print and picture cues they put up in the environmental setting (Rationale, 2008).   Most of these scaffolds were observed in the school. The numerous issues on second language learning, especially English, only prove that it is creating much impact on the development of children from diverse cultures.   More and more people consider its advantages and possible disadvantages.   Such amount of attention is worth it because people think up of ways on how to maximize its benefits.   Learning another language apart from ones native language helps children be ready to be highly competent in an increasingly globalized world.   However, although they become bilingual, it should not be forgotten that they also become bicultural, and learning of one language and the culture that goes with it does not mean forgetting their original one. Teachers should take into consideration that their non-English speaking students should learn English in both its context and language elements so the students gain a better understanding and appreciation of the English language.

Classical vs. Operant Conditioning :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Classical Vs. Study done at home showing the effects of operant and classical conditioning. Operant Conditioning   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For my first experiment I tried to induce a startled response in my roommate by using Classical Conditioning. Since we have a lot of traffic in and out of our apartment I decided that every time someone opened or closed the front door I would clap loudly in his ear and he would startle. After a couple of times I discontinued this behavior to see if he would still startle when someone opened the door. The unconditioned stimulus is the loud clapping noise. The unconditioned response is the startled response. The door opening or closing starts out as the neutral stimulus, but becomes the conditioned stimulus capable of producing the conditioned â€Å"startled† response. The experiment was partly successful. Instead of being startled my roommate seemed more upset by me clapping in his ear. When I stopped the behavior and the door opened he would just look at me to see if I was going to perform the clapping action. I could say the actual response he gave of bein g angry would be the conditioned and unconditioned response rather than being startled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the next part of the experiment I conditioned behavior using operant conditioning. The behavior I conditioned was for one of my roommates to clean the apartment. I offered to go to the store and buy some groceries if one of my roommates would clean the house. When I got back from the store the house was clean.

The Great Gatsby :: English Literature

The Great Gatsby The capacity to dream is a natural characteristic possessed by all mankind. Americans living in a country based on the philosophy of pursuing great American dreams go about pursuing their own goals in many ways. Ironically the American dream itself is the ultimate illusion that can never satisfy those who pursue it. The American dream was only possible when it was a potential. Nick in Fitzgerald’s, The Great Gatsby, realized this as he imagines a past when the Dutch first laid their eyes on the vast wilderness of the uninhabited United States. Gatsby’s ideals in this novel are the ideals of all Americans. Gatsby and Americans search for a dream and yet nobody truly understands what it is they are really in search of. People go about fulfilling these dreams by using cheap reality and in the end it does not measure up to the size of the dream itself; the dreamer is bound to be disappointed with every accomplishment of the dream. At the conclusion of Fitzgerald’s book, The Great Gatsby, the main character Gatsby has recently died and Nick stands facing the front door of Gatsby’s mansion. From this moment, Nick looks at Gatsby’s house for a last time. He sees a swear word on the wall, and like Holden in the book, The Catcher in the Rye, he too crosses the word out; trying to preserve the innocence. Nick wants to keep Gatsby’s dream pure even though it is already lost. Later on while Nick is all alone, everything begins to melt away. He starts to picture how it looked a hundred years ago when the Dutch sailors first reached a new world. Nick’s world becomes the world of idealism, where the physical world doesn’t matter; the great house of Gatsby begins to melt away and finally disappear in Nick’s mind for that moment. Nick sees that, â€Å"†¦for a transitory enchanted moment man must have held his breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face to face for the last time in history with something commensurate to his capacity for wonder,† (pg 189). For that one time the Dutch merchants saw the idea of property in a different way. The Dutch saw the wilderness and trees not as wood- cutters or property owners but as poets, like presented in Emerson’s, â€Å"Nature.† Wood- cutters own the timber physically, but, â€Å"there is a property in the horizon which no man has but he whose eye can integrate all the parts, that is, the poet,†(Nature). The Dutch saw the beauty of the land and trees and

History 201: World History 1400-1900 Essay

This course is concerned with the history of Modern Europe from the beginning of the eighteenth century to the present. However, it will not be a survey of all the â€Å"important† events and personalities of the period. The central theme will be revolution. This term refers to momentous events such as the French Revolution, the Russian Revolution and World War I. We are also interested in revolutionary changes in thought such as occurred during the Enlightenment and earth shaking social and/or economic developments including the Industrial Revolution and the Pursuit of Empire. Reading List: Available at the Bookstore M. Perry et al, Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics and Society from the 1400s, Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009 From the Renaissance to the Present; Sources of the Western Tradition, vol. 2, ed. M. Perry, J.R. Peden and T.H. Von Laue, Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 5th edition, 2003. Grade Distribution Participation throughout term – 10% Five quizzes during term – 10% Mid-Term Examination February 17 – 25% Term Essay April 7 – 25% Final Examination Scheduled by Registrar – 30% The exams and the term essay must be completed in order to receive a passing grade for this course. Assignments will be assessed letter grades. Please see the table in the Undergraduate Calendar (http://www.ucalgary.ca/pubs/calendar/current/f-2.html). Participation Much of approximately every third class will be devoted to group discussion. Our aim is to augment our ability to apply critical thinking to historical problems. Each discussion will relate to topics examined in class and/or readings on blackboard. Written accounts of group sessions will be handed in and assessed by the instructor to determine your participation grade, but they will not be returned. Please ensure that your name is recorded on all group submissions. Quizzes Five multiple-choice quizzes will be taken on five separate days. Four will be used to determine your overall quiz mark. You will not find these difficult if you attend class regularly and keep up with your readings. We will go over the correct answers in class. The quizzes will not be returned. Mid-Term and Final Examinations The mid-term and final examinations will cover the material from the course lectures, discussions and readings. They will not be multiple choice. Term Essay The term essay is to be approximately 1500 words in length (6 double-spaced pages). It will be based on four extracts totaling 8 – 10 pages in From the Renaissance to the Present; Sources of the Western Tradition. The extracts may come from the same chapter or from throughout the volume but should have similar themes so that you can evaluate them together. You should use (and reference accordingly) at least four academic books and articles to place your documents into historical context. Do not use encyclopedias, internet resources, class lectures, textbooks, or non-academic sources. The essay must conform to The History Student’s Handbook (available on blackboard). The pre-writing process (Part I) will involve the development of a strong central thesis statement. The writing (Part II) will require an introduction, argument, body of evidence, and conclusion. Writing style, submission format, and citations should follow Part IVof the Handbook. Use footnotes or endnotes as your method of citation (do not use parenthetical referencing). Classroom Conduct You are expected to attend all scheduled classes. Please refrain from distracting activities such as reading newspapers, opening food packages, chatting with friends, checking email, and using the internet or electronic devices during class. In order to protect the privacy of others, students may not record in any format (for example, digital photographs, voice and/or video recording from any device, including cell phones) any activity that occurs within the classroom. Permission to record lectures will only be given to students who have documented disabilities.

The Longest Memory enhance our understanding

How does Diagram's novel The Longest Memory enhance our understanding of the immorality of slavery and the horrible suffering of slaves? By glowered How does Diagram's novel The Longest Memory enhance our understanding of the immorality of slavery and the horrible suffering of slaves? The Longest Memory by Fred Diagrams is a multi-faceted narrative that follows the life of a hundred year old slave Whitecap and the lives of those on the Whitecap plantation in the late asses after the death of a young slave boy, Chapel.The Longest Memory heightens our understanding of the horrific suffering endured by slaves through an omniscient perspective with a graphic nature, written in a way that makes characters easy to relate to and understand how slavery impacts them personally. The Longest Memory features an omniscient perspective to tell the story of Whitecap and his step son. By using so many different styles of writing to give accounts from each character, Diagrams enables the readers to f urther understand how the slavery system impacted not only the African slaves, but also the lives of the hit people around them.Within the novel, each chapter is an excerpt from the lives of the people vital to the death of young Chapel. The style of writing varies between each chapter, enabling readers to relate to the characters on a more personal level. The contrast between the characters can be observed Just from the different styles of writing used to embody the thoughts and feelings of each character. Whitecaps chapter reflects his life that is like â€Å"counting hours that drag through the dark†, while Sanders Senior's diary entry style writing provides an absolute insight into his mind and feelings.Contrasting both of these accounts, is Lydia chapter, written in a way that enables readers to see a side of Chapel they wouldn't otherwise see, Lydia describes how â€Å"the lady I have become crept up on me† as she continued her life with Chapel before his death. By writing the novel from so many points of view, Diagrams opens the minds of those directly effect by slavery to the readers. Within The Longest Memory, the graphic language heightens our understanding of he immoral treatment of the African slaves by directly addressing the problems within the Whitecap Plantation.The biggest conflicts occur in the Cook, Sanders Senior and Whitecap chapters, where the rape of Cook and death of her son are central difficulties. The varying chapters discuss the monstrous and traumatizing rape of Cook by Sanders Senior, where both Cook and Sanders voice their experiences. Sanders describes a struggle where â€Å"she [Cook] fought so much that both our clothes were torn†. The language used to discuss such a horrific event eighteen a sense of immorality within the slave system. Another graphic scene in the novel is where the audience experience the death of young Chapel through his father's eyes. L literally saw the boy surrender to that whip† Whitecap states, creating a feeling of sorrow and heartbreak within the reader. Diagrams uses such visual language to express to readers the extent of the agony endured by slaves. Diagram's novel gives a deep insight into the impact of slavery on each individual. Whitecap opens the narrative by discussing how the events throughout his 100 ears caused him to become â€Å"nobody, nameless†. Mr.. Whitecap and Sanders senior express contrasting views on the â€Å"treatment of his slaves† as Mr.. Whitecap â€Å"thinks I'm too severe with them†.Lydia, Cook and Chapel, all have quite similar and remarkable chapters as each individual express their wisdom and loathe for the slavery system. These chapters leave the readers feeling indignant as such charismatic and lovable characters are cheated of happiness and freedom. A major contrast to these chapters is the excerpts from The Virginian and the Plantation wieners chapter, where readers can experience the views and v alues of the world outside of the Whitecap Plantation and understand how the â€Å"degree of humanity' was vastly different and much harsher on other plantations.Through an omnipresent perspective, Fred Diagrams conveys the impact of slavery on each of the characters in The Longest Memory using graphic language that allows readers to feel the characters emotions. The Longest Memory is an in depth exploration of the immorality, suffering and injustice of the Africans forced into slavery in the asses.

Consumer Law And Deceptive Marketing Guidelines Case Study

Consumer Law And Deceptive Marketing Guidelines - Case Study Example Most good companies would avoid such a situation and try to provide a product as per the specifications. Thus it would be wise to study both sides of the aspect and neutrally evaluate the outcome in best interests of society and individuals as well as reasons for companies providing a service or a product, albeit with a rider that profitability than service is their prime concern. The history of consumer protection is not as old as that of the consumers. In 1962, President John F Kennedy introduced 'The Consumer Bill of Rights.' However, before 1965, there was no effective legal protection available for consumers across the world. The idea was first conceived by Garland Dempsey. In December 1965, probably the first refund of $ 787 was provided by a finance company to Mr. and Mrs. Henry Outlaw, the lucky neighbors of Garland Dempsey in North Philadelphia. Mr. Dempsey filed the complaint on their behalf in regard to a swindle of the refinancing of a loan. Another such case, the Gallman case got nationwide approval and led to passage of Consumer Credit Protection Act of 1968 by the Congress. This act was later aptly called "The Truth in Lending Act", the first in the series of consumer protection legislation. Today, across the world, consumer protection laws have evolved protecting consumers from all kinds of manufacturing and retailing defects, protection from fraudulent advertisements, invasion of privacy, deceptive marketing techniques and many such issues. Sections of population defend both sides of the arguments which lead to millions of litigations across the world with sometimes heavy penalties for defaulting companies in the event of intentional deception or even unintentional action leading to loss or damage to a consumer in a financial/personal manner. With the passage of time, certain conventions have emerged for the corporate sector to strictly adhere to, failing which they can be held guilty of consumer rights violation.

Educational Law and Students with Disabilities Essay

Educational Law and Students with Disabilities - Essay Example This has been realized by the formulation of a number of legislation that made it mandatory to offer the same educational standards and facilities in all public schools for the disabled children. These legislations gave children protection under the law that acted as a safeguard to their right of education. This paper seeks to highlight educational law and students with disabilities. The article from the New Jersey Times by Erin Duffy/The Times of Trenton highlights the plight of Trenton school district’s Life Skills program in Daylight/Twilight High School. In the article, Duffy gives information pertaining to the situation regarding the plight of education for disabled children. She uses testimonies garnered from a member of staff at the institution who claims to have witnessed the below par educational practices with regard to the Life Skills program at the school. Of particular interest is the case of a disabled youth who is termed as problematic, which leads him to being punished by washing the hallways and washrooms during class time. Another example of student neglect is the case of a Liberian student who gets robbed nearly everyday by his classmates, and there has been no intervention from the teachers. The situation at the institution is further aggravated by the fact that there exists no set school curriculum to cater for the immediate learning requirements of the disabled children in the institution. According to Duffy’s source who goes by the name Deborah Downing Forston, there is cheating when it comes to what the teachers are supposed to teach. This is exemplified by her statements that these students are subjected to the same repetitive learning content everyday of the week throughout the term. Forston claims there is lack of motivation in both the teachers and students which is characterized by low expectations caused by what she termed as a complete lack of learning within the program (Duffy, 2013). Duffy highlights the plight of the disabled students and some concerned members of staff by putting her job on line when she condemns the way things are run at the school with regard to the Life Skills program. In a second article reporting on the same issue after about a week, Erin Duffy is able to learn the history of the institution with regard to education and students with disabilities. Duffy tells of the improving situation not only in Twilight/Daylight High School, but throughout the Trenton area with similar Life Skills programs. According to Duffy, this is being done by efforts from the district’s education Superintendent Francisco Duran who is coordinating visits to schools to assess the situation and formulate policies and instruction of improving the situation. These improvements will include training special education teachers and according to Duran, to broaden and expand life skill activities by increasing the activities for students with higher levels of disabilities (Duffy, 2013). According to Forston the whistle blower, the approval of resolutions by the school board to address this dire situation by investing more attention and funds is long overdue. This will go a long way in alleviating disabled children’s chances of making it out on their own after school. She recognizes earlier efforts by the district’s special services director Stuart Barudin, because the Life Skills p

Specialist Psychosocial Intreventions in Forensic Mental Heslth Essay

Specialist Psychosocial Intreventions in Forensic Mental Heslth - Essay Example It is important to go through the various aspects in the field in an effort to understand it even more. Forensic Psychology is understood as a mixture of both psychology of the brain and the legal psychology in any given location. The field is important in that it assists in the assessment and the understanding of people that may be diagnosed with a mental condition and involved in crimes (Ryan, 2007, 98). The field developed after the acknowledgement of the fact that many people had been sent to prison and were not in the proper state of mind. This has had scientists involved in finding means through which these sick people can be sent to mental institutions for the resolution of their issues other than send them to prison to suffer. This is from the fact that they do not deserve a sentence and their mental conditions should stand up in court. Diversion is a major part of Forensic Mental Health (Samuels, 2011, 167). This is a term that is used to refer to the change of custody of a patient with extreme mental conditions from the legal Justice System and straight to the health system for assistance. Psychosocial issues have been of great importance with relation to forensic mental health. Psychosocial issues are the ones that relate to the mind in a psychological manner and thus directly link to Forensic Mental Health. ... hosocial issue in that when these people do not feel at ease with the person, he begins having ideas that he is all alone and that nobody is interested with his company. This may put the person in a worse mental state and drive him to committing another crime of which the justice system does not act on as leniently as the first case. Another sector that has a big role to play in terms of psychosocial issues is the police department. This is from the fact that these officers are the ones endowed with the responsibility of ensuring that the patients are safe from many external and dangerous forces (Velvet, 2010, 11). It is common for people of the public to get mad at a person who committed a crime and instead of having a prison sentence is released from having mental problems. Police officers should ensure that they take care of this issue by assuring the patient of safety in an effort to ensure that they are comfortable. Police officers have been termed as the most important people w hen dealing with forensic mental health patients. This is from the fact that they have much power accorded to them and have the freedom to discipline any citizen that may be a danger to him and others. Forensic mental health patients have very many issues and it may occur to them that they carry out acts that may have them in compromising situations. When in transit headed to a mental institution or any other place that they may be taken to after committing a crime, they may decide to run away or otherwise resist the transportation. Police officers thus have the ability and power to discipline the patient in different ways (Francis, 2010, 197). This does not appear wrong in the eyes of the public seeing as the one beating the patient is a police officer. If the person disciplining the

Organizational Policy and Strategy of Southwest Airlines Case Study

Organizational Policy and Strategy of Southwest Airlines - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that to meet the challenges of the time, the company exuded confidence by not only increasing the number of flights but it also went in for employment for more workers. This action of the company provided it with the competitive edge because the other airlines were not only reducing the flights but they had also laid off a considerable number of workers. This resulted in a significant increase in its market position and at the same time, considerably improved the management relations with the labor unions. The major factor that led to Southwest’s success was its policy of acknowledging the human behavior and maintain non-attrition by not laying off the staff. The company’s strategy was to increase the number of customer service agents so that the passengers could get improved personal service and emotional support and security at the crisis time. The organizational culture of the company promoted the concept of a ‘big fami ly’ and therefore the workforce was more conscientious and worked harder during the tough time which led to the improved performance of the company. After the probation period of six months, all the employees of the airlines become eligible for ‘Southwest’s profit-sharing plan’ that greatly motivates the workforce. Another factor that contributed towards the success was its better relations with the labor unions. The role of the union has become critical to the wider interest of the human capital employed across the organizations. The collective bargaining of the union has greatly facilitated the welfare of the workforce and has promoted their interest amongst the management.

Network Diagram Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Network Diagram - Case Study Example However, there may be some occurrences when the inter-division communication is required, say some conference where one division is providing the administration support, while the other is providing technical support, in such case, they would need to communicate with each other. The use of router, to connect these two separate boundaries of message collision, solves the problem. Each department of each division will be provided the hub. All the work stations in that department will be connected to a hub. The hubs of same division will be connected to each other, more or less like a chain or ring. The broadcast domain, the extent to which the packet will be visible, will be one department each. If some packet is there even at a department of division A , rest of the departments at department A will counter the congestion due to this. (Held 1986) In order to increase the efficiency, each division will have one PC that will work as a server, in each of the divisions. Moreover, these servers will used as a backup to each others. For example, if the server of division B fails, the divison A will become the active server and control both. On the overall level Ethernet and on the division level, token ring may be the best way. Note: Since this paper is supposed to provided to a manager, who may be a non-technical person, thus technical terms and jargons are avoided. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Hallberg, B., (2005). Networking. City: McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Held, G., (1986). Data Communications Networking Devices. New York:

Vidoe analyze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vidoe analyze - Essay Example The Maori people, a minority group from New Zealand, use tribal tattoos not only as a form of identity, but also as a show of one’s social status in the society. According to them, ones Moko designs improved one’s stature and indicated their shift in status quo. On the utmost point, the Moko designs also declared the holy nature of leadership as performed by the elders (Ellis 185). Maori health tattoos were used to maintain ones youthful nature, especially girls would tattoo their chin and lips so that incase ones eyesight would fail at any point, he/she would repeat the tattooing again in order to see well. According to the two YouTube videos I have watched, the Maori people are proud of who they are and are glad that the Moko designs are now widely spreading. For instance, vacationers visit the area to see them and learn more about the tattoos. Although it had started dying by the coming of the church and Christianity, it has been resurrected by those proud of the culture and the women are trying to uphold it by educating their children and grandchildren about the Moko and the beliefs of the Maori (Ellis 175). They say it identifies you and people need not ask who you are, where you come from and what language you speak anymore. They are proud of themselves and the sense of satisfaction that comes with being a Maori. They even insist the Tatau and Moko designs have created a spirit of unity and brotherhood in them as it gives them a sense of belonging and sweeps away the fear that they have been concealed as a minority. In my own opinion, I feel that since the Moko are used as an identity mark, the non-Maoris should not be allowed to get the Moko because it is a tribal tattoo and only the Maoris have the right to their specific patterns and art forms. Besides, although most non-Maoris are getting the Mokos on their bodies and

Turkey Joining the European Union Essay Example for Free

Turkey Joining the European Union Essay In December 1999 Turkey became an official candidate for joining the EU, along with a number of other developing countries, mainly of Eastern Europe. After fundamental studies of current situation in Turkey and its future outlooks, followed by a series of negotiations between the representatives of Turkey and the EU, it became clear that it would take not less than a decade for Turkey to make necessary reformations and meet the Copenhagen criteria. There are different opinions on the issue of possible effects of Turkey joining the EU. The country has many proponents in its desire to create a common future with the EU. But some political, economic and cultural problems can create difficulties for Turkey on its way to the EU and can come out with unpredictable effects on social wellbeing of European nations. This work is an attempt to show that Turkey joining the EU can result in a number of negative and undesirable consequences, both for Turkey and for the European community. The population of Turkey exceeds 70 million people of diverse ethnic origins, and its major territories are located in Asian continent. Geostrategic location of Turkey is important, because the country controls navigation along the Bosporus and four seas nearby. Turkey has a long and dynamic history. The roots of Turkish nation go back to a number of early Asian civilizations united into the powerful Ottoman Empire. Modern history of Turkey started in the 1920s, when a military leader, Mustafa Ataturk, won the Independence war and founded the Republic setting the country on the way of democratic development and westernization. Current Turkish economy is a mix of heavy industry and traditional agriculture. Economic indexes show that the economy is quite poor (GDP is only $358.2 billion), but at the same time it is steadily developing (GDP growth rate is 5.2%) (CIA).   Principal industries are textile, food processing, construction, mining and electronics. Also, Turkey is one of the main importers of commodities from Germany, Russia, Italy, China, etc. Turkey has very advanced and up-to-date communication and transportation infrastructure, but the greatest asset of the country is its people, as well as their highly-respectable moral values. It is possible to name several major drawbacks which seriously influence the position of the EU countries toward granting Turkey the EU membership. Paul Kubicek writes in his study of the problem of Turkey’s accession to the EU: â€Å"Turkeys supposed shortcomings are well-known: it is too big, too poor, too agricultural, too authoritarian, and, perhaps above all, too Muslim† (Kubicek, p.33). A specialist from Stockholm University Harry Flam considers political reasons to be the most important obstacle (Flam, p. 171). According to the Copenhagen criteria, the EU membership requires: â€Å" stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities† (Flam, p. 175). For some last years political situation in the country has been changing since the Justice and Development Party came to the power. Its leader and current Prime-Minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, proclaimed joining the EU to be one of his main political goals and directed the efforts on implementing necessary political reformations to meet the Copenhagen criteria. Turkish Constitution sets the military as the exclusive guarantor of internal security and empowers it to take over the situation in cases of political instability or a social crisis. Certainly, such crucial role of the military does not correspond to the idea of democracy, because army should be controlled by government. Nevertheless, Turkish authorities do not accept this position, being supported by public opinion. Another substantial political problem is minority and human rights. There is a large Kurdish minority with population of about 13 million people (around 20% of the country’s total population), which is concentrated in southeastern regions. Turkish government takes Kurdish nationalism as a serious threat to the existing integrity of the country. That is why Turkish laws prohibit official use of Kurdish language and other expressions of their cultural identity. For decades there were severe restrictions as to such issues as religious education, rights for communal property and others. Finally, one of the greatest obstacles on the way to the EU is refusal of Turkish government to recognize the Republic of Cyprus, a current member of the EU. Claiming for receiving the whole territory of the island, for some decades Turkey has been ignoring the Greek side of Cyprus. Therefore, as Turkey refuses to recognize a member of the EU, the negotiations with the European community can not be held. In addition, Turkey will have a dangerous impact on foreign policy of the EU bringing the borders of the Union closer to volatile Middle East. This may affect external political affairs of the EU. Economic factors are, probably, the most depressing. Turkish economy is making progress, but still remains very poor and the situation will not improve in the nearest future. Currently Turkey reached only 1.9% of EU25 GDP, and with average annual growth of 5%, it would be only 2.9% of GDP in 2015. Moreover, country’s GDP per capita is only 27% of the EU average (CIA). It is obvious that country with large population and poor economy will affect general economic situation of the EU. Turkey will need a lot of investments, budget transfers, special privileged tariffs, and other resources to stimulate country’s economy. A serious problem of Turkish economy, which is a point of concern of the EU specialists, is agriculture. Its contribution to GDP exceeds 14% and, at the same time, the majority of labor force (over 33%) employed in agriculture. But agriculture in Turkey needs considerable governmental support, which results in heavy taxation burden on national taxpayers. Turkey does not have a lot of arable lands, that’s why cultivation and farming are very expensive. Flam underlines possible problem for the European community, saying that â€Å"†¦the size of the Turkish agricultural sector threatens to be costly for EU taxpayers if Turkish farmers are to have the same terms as the farmers of the CCEC-8†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Flam, p. 186). Other disadvantages of Turkish economy include considerable regional inequality and necessity to restructure labor market. Overwhelming majority of Turkish industries is concentrated on the West and the North of the country, while Eastern parts rely more on agriculture and remain considerably underdeveloped. Turkish labor market needs to be reformatted in order to use its potential and improve low unemployment rates, especially among youth and women. Religious issue is, probably, the most controversial among the others. With its 98% Muslim population, Turkey will be the only non-Christian community in the EU. Undoubtedly, such a huge Muslim population will contribute to the development and acceptance of multiculturalism in the Union, but in a secular society this issue is rather complex. Turkey itself has a long history of serious difficulties and conflicts between religious leaders and the state. In addition, many specialists fear that Islamic conservatism and numerous traditional restrictions will cause serious pressure on personal freedoms. Many associate Muslim countries with terrorism and cruelty, but it can not be said about Turkey. The analysts argue that despite possible difficulties based on religious factor, prevalence of Islam in Turkey must not be a reason for Europe to turn its back to Turkey. Kirsten Hughes writes: â€Å"At a time, when the ‘war on terror’ is creating global tension †¦, Turkey’s relations to the EU take on a broad geopolitical significance.   A rejection of Turkey by the Union would be taken as a strong negative signal by many† (Hughes, p. 26). Many specialists suppose, that not only religious, but other cultural differences will bring to negative outcomes of Turkey’s assertion. They think that cultural problems may cause difficulties for Turkish population when integrating into the European community. Some years ago, the chairman of the European Convention on the Future of Europe, Giscard d’Estaing, said that he was against Turkish membership because Turkey had â€Å"a different culture, a different approach, a different way of life† and â€Å"its capital is not in Europe, 95 percent of its population is outside Europe, it is not a European country. (Flam, p.176)† Crowded Turkish Diaspora in Germany, which counts more than 2.5 million people, is the brightest example of this idea. Many Turks go to Germany in order to find better career opportunities and better-quality life. Turkish people get adapted to European life-style rather fast and, usually, express no desire to be back to their poor homelands, but very frequently serious cultural disconnections take place. Turkish immigrants reject European moral norms and customs and often their children have to stand for the consequences. That is why potential migration of Turkish people to the EU is considered as a serious threat to cultural unity of Europe. Europeans remember that after accession of Bulgaria and Romania to the EU, thousands of people from these poor countries hurried up to move to Germany, France, Italy and other developed lands to find some work and earn some money. Recent researches demonstrated that if Turkey were accepted to the EU, about 44% of Turkish population would look for better job somewhere in Europe (Kubicek, p. 38). Demographic issues can also be taken both in favor and against Turkey. It has a good population growth rate (1,06%), and more than 25% of the population are children below 14 (CIA). Thus, Turkish nation is very young, and this is quite attractive for aging European community. But, on the other hand, in case of accession, Turkey will become the most crowded country in the EU. Therefore, it will take a large number of seats in the European Parliament and become a powerful player. That is undesirable for European parliamentarians, who are aware of inflexibility and intolerance of Turkish diplomats on many crucial issues. There are many other key matters, which remain in concern of the EU experts. They include the problems of meeting the requirements as to environmental standards, or the implementation of many democratic reforms, the problems of corruption, which is especially prevalent and deep-rooted in the highest levels of public sectors. Finally, a very important problem is limitation of the freedom of expression and censorship in Turkish media. Nevertheless, it must be mentioned that currently there is a great number of positive and progressive reforms are initiated in the country. In particular, educational opportunities are becoming more equal, that’s why teenagers and youth from different remote areas on the East are getting more socially mobile. Democratization, together with the increase in communication, is among the key factors, which brought to a rise in awareness. Therefore, according to the Copenhagen criteria, a sequence of political and social changes must be made by Turkish government in order to see the door to the EU opened. But still there is no guarantee for Turkey on its accession. Besides, with its decision regarding Turkey, the EU relies not only on the opinion of its members, but also on the idea of other major political powers, like the U.S. â€Å"In Washingtons eyes, Turkey has transformed from a Cold War bulwark against Soviet aggression into a critical bridge linking the industrialized Christian West to the pre-industrial Muslim East.† (Robbins, p.17). Some specialists can see possible benefits of Turkey joining the EU, especially for dynamic and developing European community. Paul Kubicek summarizes his research on the problem â€Å"Turkey the EU† with the following statement: â€Å"Turkish membership is at least another decade away and its accession is far from assured, but the very prospect of Turkish membership presents the EU with many challenges and opportunities† (Kubicek, p.32). Nevertheless, there are more problems and uncertainties which can create serious difficulties for Turkey and the EU both on internal and external stages. This thought is greatly summarized by Gerard Baker, who resumes that: â€Å"Fear of the economic consequences of admitting millions of relatively low-paid workers into the European labor market, together with rising concern over the dilution of European identity by an alien Middle Eastern culture makes the idea of Turkish membership highly unpopular† (Baker, p.26). Works Cited:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Baker, Gerard. Let’s Not Talk Turkey: Guess Who Won’t Be Joining the European Union Anytime Soon. The Weekly Standard. Vol. 010, Issue 46 29 Aug. 2005: 26-30 ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Flam, Harry. Turkey and the EU: Politics and Economic Accession. CESInfo Economic Studies. Vol. 50,   Jan. 2005: 171-210 ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hughes, K. Turkey and the European Union: Just Another Enlargement? Friends of Europe. The European Commission. June 2007. 3 Dec. 2007. http://www.friendsofeurope.org/pdfs/TurkeyandtheEuropeanUnion-WorkingPaperFoE.pdf. ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kubicek, Paul. Turkish Accession to the European Union: Challenges and Opportunities. World Affairs. Vol. 3 Fall 2005: 32-41 ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Robbins, Gerald. Germans Are Talking Turkey; The European Union Is In No Rush to Expand Into Anatolia. The Weekly Standard. Vol. 010, Issue 44 2 Aug. 2006: 16-17  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Turkey. Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook. 15 Mar. 2007. 3 Dec. 2007. https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tu.html.